An ancestral graph is a concept used mainly in the context of statistics and genetics to represent relationships among a set of variables or individuals, particularly in the study of evolutionary biology. Ancestral graphs can be characterized as directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) that capture the causal relationships and ancestral lineage among the variables. In an ancestral graph: 1. **Nodes** represent variables or individuals. 2. **Directed edges** indicate directionality, showing ancestral relationships (e.g.
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