Arthur Schopenhauer (1788–1860) was a German philosopher known for his work in metaphysics, ethics, and aesthetics. He is best recognized for his pessimistic philosophy, which posits that human existence is fundamentally characterized by suffering and desire. Schopenhauer drew heavily on ideas from Immanuel Kant, particularly regarding the nature of reality and perception, but he diverged from Kant by proposing that the world is driven by a blind, irrational force he called the "Will.
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