In surveying, a benchmark is a fixed reference point of known elevation or location, used as a standard for measuring and establishing elevations and positions for various surveying and construction projects. Benchmarks provide a consistent point for surveyors to transition from one location to another and are critical in ensuring accuracy in grading, construction, and other engineering activities. There are two main types of benchmarks: 1. **Vertical Control Points**: These are established to provide a consistent height reference.
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