 Bradford Hill criteria

The Bradford Hill criteria are a set of nine principles that are used to establish causal relationships in epidemiology and public health. Proposed by Sir Austin Bradford Hill in 1965, these criteria help determine whether an observed association between an exposure and an outcome is likely to be causal. The criteria are not strict rules but rather guidelines for evaluating potential causal relationships. Here are the nine criteria: 1. **Strength**: The stronger the association (e.g.