Calcium channels are specialized proteins located in the cell membrane that facilitate the movement of calcium ions (Ca²⁺) into and out of cells. They play a crucial role in various physiological processes, including muscle contraction, neurotransmitter release, hormone secretion, and the regulation of heartbeat. There are several types of calcium channels, which can be broadly categorized into: 1. **Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels (VGCCs)**: These channels open in response to changes in membrane potential.
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