Chaos theory is a branch of mathematics and science that studies complex systems whose behavior is highly sensitive to initial conditions, a phenomenon often referred to as the "butterfly effect." In chaotic systems, small changes in initial conditions can lead to vastly different outcomes, making long-term prediction difficult or impossible. Key concepts in chaos theory include: 1. **Nonlinearity**: Many chaotic systems are nonlinear, meaning that their output is not proportional to their input.
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