 Coalition-proof Nash equilibrium

A Coalition-proof Nash equilibrium (CPNE) is a solution concept in game theory that extends the traditional notion of Nash equilibrium to account for the possibility of coalition formation among players. In a standard Nash equilibrium, a strategy profile is stable if no single player can benefit by unilaterally changing their strategy, given the strategies of the other players. However, it does not consider the potential for groups of players to deviate together from the equilibrium, which can lead to different outcomes.