A combined sewer is a type of wastewater collection system that conveys both sewage (wastewater from households and industries) and stormwater (rainwater runoff) in a single pipe. This system is designed to handle both types of runoff but can lead to problems, especially during heavy rain events. When there is significant rainfall, the volume of water can exceed the capacity of the combined sewer system, resulting in combined sewer overflows (CSOs).
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