Complex oxides are a class of materials that typically consist of metal oxides with a more intricate structure than simple oxides. They often involve multiple metal cations and can exhibit a variety of unique properties due to their complex crystal structures, tunable electronic states, and various oxidation states. These materials can be broadly classified based on their composition and structure. They often include compounds with perovskite, spinel, or layered structures, and they may incorporate elements from multiple groups of the periodic table.
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