 Forward–backward algorithm

The Forward-Backward Algorithm is a fundamental technique used in the field of Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) for performing inference, particularly for computing the probabilities of sequences of observations given a model. This algorithm is particularly useful in various applications such as speech recognition, natural language processing, bioinformatics, and more. ### Key Concepts 1. **Hidden Markov Model (HMM)**: An HMM is characterized by: - A set of hidden states.