 Instrumental and value-rational action

Instrumental and value-rational action are concepts introduced by the sociologist Max Weber as part of his framework for understanding social actions. 1. **Instrumental Rational Action (Zweckrational)**: This type of action is characterized by the systematic pursuit of a specific goal using the most efficient means available. It is essentially about calculating the best way to achieve a desired outcome. In instrumental rationality, the actor weighs the costs and benefits of different actions to maximize efficiency and success.