Ionization cooling is a technique used primarily in particle physics and accelerator technologies to reduce the transverse emittance of a beam of charged particles, such as protons or electrons. The fundamental goal of ionization cooling is to make particle beams more intense and focused by reducing their divergence and improving their overall beam quality. The concept involves two main processes: 1. **Ionization Energy Loss**: As charged particles pass through a material, they lose energy due to ionization of the atoms in that material.
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