= Published without source code
{synonym}

It is understandable that you might not be able to reproduce a paper that does a <natural science> experiment, given that <physics is brutal>.

But for papers that have either <source code> or data sets, <academic journals> must require that those be made available, or refuse to publish.

Any document <replication crisis>[without such obvious reproducibility elements] is a <white paper>, not a proper <peer reviewed paper>.


Journals must require source code and data sets to publish