 Macromolecular crowding

Macromolecular crowding refers to the phenomenon that occurs in cells and other biological systems where large molecules (macromolecules) such as proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides are packed closely together. This high concentration of macromolecules can significantly affect biochemical processes, molecular interactions, and the physical properties of solutions. In crowded environments, the following effects are often observed: 1. **Altered Reaction Rates**: Crowding can enhance or inhibit the rates of biochemical reactions.