Mesoscopic physics is a branch of condensed matter physics that studies systems whose size is on the order of the mean free path of electrons, typically ranging from a few nanometers to a few micrometers. At this scale, materials exhibit unique properties that differ significantly from those of bulk materials and from individual atoms or molecules. Key features and concepts in mesoscopic physics include: 1. **Quantum Coherence**: In mesoscopic systems, quantum effects become significant, and electrons can exhibit wave-like behavior.
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