 Minimum spanning tree

A Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) is a subset of the edges of a weighted, undirected graph that connects all the vertices together without any cycles and with the minimal possible total edge weight. In other words, it is a tree that includes all the vertices of the graph, has the least total weight among all possible spanning trees, and contains no closed loops. ### Key Characteristics of a Minimum Spanning Tree: 1. **Connected**: An MST connects all vertices in the graph.