 Nanocrystalline material

Nanocrystalline materials are materials that have a crystalline structure with grain sizes typically in the nanometer range, usually defined as being smaller than 100 nanometers (1 nanometer = 1 billionth of a meter). These materials can be composed of metals, ceramics, semiconductors, or other substances, and their unique properties stem from their small grain size, which significantly influences their mechanical, electrical, thermal, and optical characteristics.