 No free lunch in search and optimization

The "No Free Lunch" (NFL) theorem in the context of search and optimization is a fundamental result that asserts that no optimization algorithm performs universally better than others when averaged over all possible problems. Introduced by David Wolpert and William Macready in the 1990s, the theorem highlights a crucial insight in the field of optimization and search algorithms. ### Key Concepts of the No Free Lunch Theorem 1.