Optical conductivity is a fundamental property of materials that describes their ability to conduct electricity in response to an electric field oscillating at optical frequencies (typically in the range of terahertz to visible light). It reflects how well a material can transport electric charge when stimulated by electromagnetic radiation. Optical conductivity provides insight into a material's electronic structure and behavior, and it can be influenced by factors such as temperature, frequency of the light, and the presence of free carriers (like electrons) or bound charges.
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