Orthogonalization is a mathematical process used to transform a set of vectors into a new set of vectors that are orthogonal to each other while retaining some properties of the original set (usually making the new set span the same subspace). The most common method for orthogonalization is the Gram-Schmidt process. ### Key Concepts: 1. **Orthogonal Vectors**: Two vectors are orthogonal if their dot product is zero.
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