Qualia (singular: quale) are often described as the subjective, individual experiences of perception and sensation. They refer to the internal and personal aspects of how we experience things, such as the redness of a ripe apple, the taste of chocolate, or the pain of a headache. Qualia are considered important in discussions of philosophy of mind, consciousness, and cognitive science, as they relate to the challenges of explaining how subjective experiences arise from physical processes in the brain.
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