Quantum noise refers to the inherent uncertainty and fluctuations in quantum systems that arise due to the principles of quantum mechanics. It is a type of noise that affects measurements and signals at very small scales, such as those encountered in quantum computing, quantum optics, and other quantum technologies. Quantum noise is typically characterized by two main effects: 1. **Shot Noise**: This occurs due to the discrete nature of particles (like photons or electrons) and is most significant when measuring low levels of signal.
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