Rational functions are mathematical expressions formed by the ratio of two polynomials. In more formal terms, a rational function \( R(x) \) can be expressed as: \[ R(x) = \frac{P(x)}{Q(x)} \] where \( P(x) \) and \( Q(x) \) are polynomial functions, and \( Q(x) \neq 0 \) (the denominator cannot be zero).
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