Scheme theory is a branch of algebraic geometry that explores the properties of schemes, which are the fundamental objects of study in this field. Developed in the 1960s by mathematicians such as Alexander Grothendieck, scheme theory provides a unifying framework for various concepts in geometry and algebra. A **scheme** is locally defined by the spectra of rings, specifically the spectrum of a commutative ring, which can be thought of as a space of prime ideals.
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