 Severe plastic deformation

Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD) refers to a set of advanced processing techniques used to significantly improve the mechanical properties of materials, particularly metals, through large strains without a significant increase in temperature. The main objective of SPD is to refine the microstructure of the material, leading to a high density of dislocations and a fine-grained structure, which ultimately enhances strength, hardness, ductility, and other properties.