Small Form-factor Pluggable by Ciro Santilli 34 Updated Created
It's the thing that allows you to connect fiber optics into a compter, or the corresponding port for the thing.
Many of them can take two fibers as input/output because fiber optics cables often come in pairs because it is needed for duplex.
Video 1.
How to choose SFP transceiver for fiber optical cable by FASTCABLING
. Source.