Spin polarization refers to the distribution of electron spins in a material or a system, which can result in a net magnetic moment due to an imbalance in the populations of spin-up and spin-down states. In quantum mechanics, electrons possess an intrinsic angular momentum known as "spin," which can be thought of as a kind of internal magnetic moment. When a material exhibits spin polarization, it means that there is a preference for one of the spin states over the other.
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