In Stoic philosophy, "passions" (or "passiones" in Latin and "pathē" in Greek) refer to intense emotions or feelings that can disrupt rational thought and lead to irrational behavior. Stoics differentiate between "passions" and "virtue" or "rational emotional responses." Stoic philosophers, like Seneca, Epictetus, and Marcus Aurelius, believed that passions often arise from incorrect judgments about what is good or bad.
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