 Thermodynamic efficiency limit

The thermodynamic efficiency limit refers to the maximum efficiency that a heat engine can achieve when converting heat energy into work, based on the laws of thermodynamics. This limit is primarily defined by the second law of thermodynamics and can be expressed through the concept of the Carnot cycle. 1. **Carnot Efficiency**: The Carnot efficiency sets the theoretical upper limit of efficiency for any heat engine operating between two temperature reservoirs.