 Unreasonable ineffectiveness of mathematics

The phrase "unreasonable effectiveness of mathematics" refers to the remarkable and often surprising ability of mathematical concepts and structures to accurately describe and predict phenomena in the physical world. This idea was famously articulated by physicist Eugene Wigner in his 1960 essay titled "The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences." Wigner pointed out that many mathematical tools were developed for purely theoretical or abstract reasons, yet they find unexpected and profound applications in physics and other sciences.