Vertical datums are reference points or surfaces used to measure elevation or depth. They provide a basis for determining the vertical position of points on the Earth's surface and are crucial for a variety of applications, including topographic mapping, construction, navigation, and geophysical studies. There are two main types of vertical datums: 1. **Mean Sea Level (MSL)**: This is the most common vertical datum and represents the average level of the ocean surface over a long period of time.
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