Given the function :the operator can be written in Planck units as:often written without function arguments as:Note how this looks just like the Laplacian in Einstein notation, since the D'alembert operator is just a generalization of the laplace operator to Minkowski space.
The Einstein summation convention works will with partial derivatives and it is widely used in particle physics.
In particular, the divergence and the Laplacian can be succintly expressed in this notation:
In order to expresse partial derivatives, we must use what Ciro Santilli calls the "partial index partial derivative notation", which refers to variales with indices such as , , , , and instead of the usual letters , and .