This group is a mess.
But one thing you should really know, as often mentioned in Power, Sex, Suicide by Nick Lane (2006): they are all eukaryotes.
Because prokaryotes are fundamentally unable to do phagocytosis, because they have a rigid cell wall. Changing cell shape at will requires a cytoskeleton.
Name of the clade of archaea plus eukarya proposed at: www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00717/full. Much better term than prokaryote as that is not a clade. Let's hope it catches on!
- prokaryote models:
- E. Coli: the most well studied
- mycoplasma: a very minimal genus, notable species: Mycoplasma genitalium
- eukaryote
- S. cerevisiae: simplest eukaryote model. Unicellular.
- C. elegans: simplest multicellular organism model
- vertebrate:
- Zebrafish: simplest vertebrate model
- mammal:
- Mus musculus: simplest mammal model
Organelle that is only present in prokaryotes.