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Detached Eddy Simulation (DES) is a hybrid computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach used to simulate turbulent flows. It combines elements of both Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) and Large Eddy Simulation (LES) methodologies to effectively model the behavior of turbulence in various flow scenarios, particularly in complex geometries where both attached and detached flow regions can exist.

Drag area, often denoted as \(S\) or \(A\), is a term used in aerodynamics and fluid dynamics to describe a specific cross-sectional area of an object that contributes to its drag force when it moves through a fluid, such as air or water.

The Eckert number (Ec) is a dimensionless quantity used in fluid mechanics and heat transfer to characterize the relative importance of thermal energy storage to the convective heat transfer in a flowing fluid. It is defined as the ratio of kinetic energy to thermal energy associated with the temperature changes in the fluid.

The Ekman number (Ek) is a dimensionless quantity in fluid dynamics that characterizes the relative importance of the viscous forces to the Coriolis forces in a rotating fluid system.

The Graetz number (Gz) is a dimensionless number used in the field of heat transfer, particularly in the analysis of heat transfer in ducts and pipes. It is a measure of the relative importance of heat conduction to heat convection in a flow situation. The Graetz number is defined as: \[ Gz = \frac{L c_p}{k A} \] Where: - \(L\) is the characteristic length (often the length of the duct or pipe).

The Natterer compressor, also known as the Natterer transform, is a mathematical tool used primarily in the field of image reconstruction, particularly in computed tomography (CT) and other imaging modalities. It is named after the mathematician Friedrich Natterer, who has contributed significantly to the theoretical framework of inverse problems in imaging. The Natterer transform itself relates to the reconstruction of images from projection data.

Joseph R. Shoenfield was an American mathematician known for his contributions to mathematical logic and set theory, particularly in the area of recursion theory and the foundations of mathematics. He is best known for his work on definability, effective computability, and the relationships between different levels of infinity. One of his significant contributions is the development of concepts related to degrees of unsolvability and the structure of recursively enumerable sets.

Curium(III) chloride, also known as curium trichloride, is a chemical compound composed of curium (Cm), which is a synthetic radioactive element, and chlorine (Cl). In this compound, curium exhibits a +3 oxidation state. Its chemical formula is typically written as CmCl₃. Curium is an actinide and is part of the f-block of the periodic table.

The International Center for the History of Electronic Games (ICHEG) is a research institution dedicated to the study and preservation of the history of video games and electronic gaming. It is part of the Strong National Museum of Play in Rochester, New York. ICHEG focuses on collecting artifacts, documents, and oral histories related to the development, culture, and impact of electronic games.

In the context of aircraft navigation and aerodynamics, the term "F-plane" refers to a specific type of reference plane used in flight dynamics and control theory. It is typically part of the formulation of aircraft equations of motion. The F-plane is aligned with the flight path of the aircraft and is used to analyze how the aircraft responds to various forces and moments during flight.

Force density is a physical concept often used in fields like physics and engineering, particularly in the context of continuum mechanics and material science. It is defined as the force per unit volume applied to a material or system. In mathematical terms, force density \(\mathbf{f}\) is expressed as: \[ \mathbf{f} = \frac{\mathbf{F}}{V} \] where \(\mathbf{F}\) is the total force acting on the volume \(V\).

The term "freestream" can refer to different concepts depending on the context in which it is used, but it is most commonly associated with fluid dynamics and aerodynamics. 1. **Fluid Dynamics/Aerodynamics**: In these fields, "freestream" refers to the region of fluid (such as air, water, or another substance) that is undisturbed or unaffected by the presence of an object moving through it.

A Physical Symbol System (PSS) is a concept in artificial intelligence and cognitive science that refers to a system capable of creating, manipulating, and understanding symbols in a physical form. The term was popularized by Allen Newell and Herbert A. Simon in the 1970s as part of their work on human cognition and the foundations of AI. ### Key Characteristics of Physical Symbol Systems: 1. **Symbol Representation**: A PSS uses symbols to represent knowledge and information.

The double-slit experiment is a famous physics experiment that demonstrates fundamental principles of quantum mechanics, particularly the wave-particle duality of light and matter. The experiment was first performed by Thomas Young in 1801 and has been reinterpreted in the context of quantum mechanics over the years. ### Description of the Experiment: 1. **Setup**: The basic setup involves a coherent light source (like a laser) directed at a barrier with two closely spaced slits.

Nuclear technology encompasses a range of industries, including nuclear power generation, fuel production, waste management, and medical applications. Below is a list of some notable nuclear technology companies by country. Please note this is not an exhaustive list and focuses primarily on key players in the nuclear energy sector. ### United States - **General Electric (GE)** - Involved in nuclear power plant design and construction. - **Westinghouse Electric Company** - Specializes in nuclear power technology and services.

"Ramesh Chandra" could refer to several individuals, as it is a common name in India and other South Asian countries. Without additional context, it's challenging to determine which specific Ramesh Chandra you are referring to. 1. **Ramesh Chandra in Academia**: There may be scholars or researchers by that name who have made contributions in various fields. 2. **Ramesh Chandra in Politics**: There could be politicians or public figures known by that name.

The Klein cubic threefold is a specific example of a smooth projective threefold in algebraic geometry, notable for its rich geometric properties and connections to various fields, including topology and string theory. ### Properties: 1. **Dimension and Degree**: The Klein cubic threefold is a three-dimensional variety of degree 2 in the projective space \( \mathbb{P}^4 \).

The Hantzsche–Wendt manifold is a specific type of 3-manifold that serves as an example in the study of topology and geometry. It can be characterized as a compact, orientable, triangulated manifold with non-trivial fundamental group. One main feature of the Hantzsche–Wendt manifold is that it can be constructed from 3-dimensional Euclidean space and is related to the theory of solvable Lie groups.

The Two-State Vector Formalism (TSVF) is a conceptual framework in quantum mechanics proposed by physicist Yakir Aharonov and his collaborators. It extends traditional quantum mechanics by introducing the idea that a quantum system can be described not only by a state vector evolving forward in time but also by a state vector that evolves backward in time.