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Oriol Valls could refer to several things, but without additional context, it's difficult to pinpoint what you mean specifically. It might be a person's name and could refer to an individual notable in a certain field, such as business, academia, sports, or arts.

Oscar W. Greenberg is a notable figure in the field of mathematics, particularly recognized for his contributions to the study of combinatorial designs and graph theory. He has published research and worked on various mathematical problems and theories.

Paul Chaikin is a notable physicist known for his work in the field of condensed matter physics. He has made significant contributions to various areas, including statistical mechanics, soft condensed matter, and materials science. Chaikin's research often involves studying the behavior of complex systems, such as liquid crystals and colloidal materials. He is also recognized for his role in academia, holding positions at institutions such as New York University, where he has taught and mentored many students in the field of physics.

Paul Crowell could refer to multiple individuals or concepts depending on the context. For example, he might be a professional in a specific field, such as academia, literature, or business. Unfortunately, without more context, it’s difficult to provide a precise answer.

Philip J. Morrison (1923–2005) was a prominent American physicist and educator known for his contributions to particle physics, as well as for his work in science communication and education. He was a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and was involved in several significant scientific projects, including work on the Manhattan Project during World War II. Morrison was also noted for his efforts to popularize science.

"Squaring the square" refers to a mathematical problem in tiling, specifically involving the arrangement of squares within a square. The challenge is to subdivide a larger square into smaller squares, all of different sizes, such that there are no gaps or overlaps. The most famous solution to this problem was found by the mathematician Henry Dudeney in 1907. He created a square that was subdivided into 36 smaller squares, all of which were of distinct sizes.

Paul H. Kirkpatrick is not a widely recognized public figure as of my last update in October 2023, and there may not be sufficient contextual information to identify a specific individual with that name. It's possible he could be a professional in a specialized field, a fictional character, or someone locally known in a certain community or profession.

Piermaria Oddone is an Italian physicist known for his work in experimental particle physics and astrophysics. He has held prominent positions in various research institutions and has contributed significantly to the development of particle detectors and experimental techniques used in high-energy physics experiments. Notably, Oddone served as the director of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab) in the United States, where he was involved in various projects related to particle physics research.

Pierre Sokolsky is a physicist known for his work in the fields of particle astrophysics and cosmic rays. He has been involved in various research projects and has contributed to the understanding of cosmic ray particles, their sources, and their interactions with the Earth's atmosphere. His expertise includes high-energy astrophysics and the development of detection instruments to study cosmic phenomena. Sokolsky is affiliated with the University of Utah and has played a vital role in educational initiatives related to physics and science communication.

Piyare Jain is a popular name associated with a brand of snacks, especially known for its fried and dried foods in India. The name "Piyare Jain" is recognized for its quality and taste in various snack items, typically included in festive celebrations and everyday snacking. Various products under this brand may include items like papad, bhujia, and other traditional Indian snacks.

Quan-Sheng Shu is a prominent figure in the field of numerical analysis and computational mathematics, particularly known for his contributions to the development of numerical methods for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). He is associated with the implementation of high-order numerical schemes, including spectral methods and discontinuous Galerkin methods. Shu's work often focuses on accuracy, stability, and efficiency in computational simulations, which are critical for applications in fluid dynamics, astrophysics, and other areas of scientific computing.

R. John Hansman is a prominent figure in the field of aeronautics and astronautics, particularly known for his work in aircraft systems, flight dynamics, and systems engineering. He is a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where he has contributed to research and education in aerospace engineering. Hansman's research often focuses on safety, human factors in aviation, and the integration of advanced technologies in aircraft operations.

Positivism is a philosophical theory and epistemological stance that asserts that knowledge is primarily derived from empirical evidence, such as observation and experimentation, rather than from intuition, speculation, or metaphysical beliefs. It suggests that scientific knowledge is the most authoritative and reliable form of knowledge. Positivists advocate for the use of the scientific method to formulate and test hypotheses about the natural and social world. They typically reject metaphysical claims that cannot be empirically verified and focus on observable phenomena.

A. C. Grayling is a British philosopher, author, and educator known for his work in philosophy, particularly in ethics, critical thinking, and the philosophy of humanism. He was born on April 3, 1949, and has written numerous books, essays, and articles covering a wide range of topics, including philosophy, literature, and public affairs. Grayling is also the co-founder of the New College of the Humanities in London, where he serves as the Master.