Double-setpoint control is a control strategy often used in industrial automation and process control systems. It involves maintaining a process variable (such as temperature, pressure, or flow rate) within a specified range defined by two setpoints: an upper setpoint and a lower setpoint.
GPOPS-II (General Purpose Optimal Control Software) is a software package designed for solving optimal control problems using direct collocation methods. It offers a robust framework for formulating and solving problems in which the goal is to determine control inputs that will optimize a certain performance criterion, subject to dynamic constraints and boundary conditions.
In control theory, the Hamiltonian is a function that is central to optimal control problems. It is used in the formulation of the Hamiltonian control methods, particularly in dynamic programming and optimal control strategies, such as the Pontryagin's Maximum Principle. ### Definition of the Hamiltonian The Hamiltonian \( H \) is typically defined for a control system described by: - A set of state variables \( x(t) \) that represent the system's configuration at time \( t \).
Hydrological optimization refers to a set of methods and techniques used to manage water resources effectively in a given watershed or water system. It involves the analysis and optimization of the hydrological cycle, which includes precipitation, evaporation, infiltration, runoff, and groundwater recharge. The goal is to enhance the efficiency of water use, improve water quality, and maximize the benefits derived from water resources while minimizing negative environmental impacts.
The Legendre–Clebsch condition is a criterion in the calculus of variations that helps determine whether a given differential equation can be derived from a variational principle, typically in the context of optimal control or mechanics. More specifically, it relates to the conditions under which a function can be considered a Hamiltonian function in a variational formulation.
Meixner polynomials are a class of orthogonal polynomials that arise in the context of probability theory and various applications in mathematical physics. They are associated with the Meixner distribution, which is a natural generalization of the Poisson distribution and is used to model various types of counting processes.
Anna Daly is an Irish television presenter and media personality known for her work in broadcasting. She gained prominence in her role as a co-host on the daytime television show "Ireland AM," where she became a familiar face associated with lifestyle, entertainment, and news content. In addition to her work on "Ireland AM," Daly has also been involved in various other television and media projects, including hosting events and participating in promotional campaigns.
The United States has experienced numerous significant snow and ice events throughout its history. Here's a list of some major snow and ice events: 1. **The Great Blizzard of 1888 (Northeast)** - A severe blizzard struck the Eastern United States from March 11 to 14, 1888, with snowfall of over 50 inches in some areas and winds exceeding 45 mph. 2. **The Knickerbocker Storm (Washington, D.C.
Joseph Rosen is a professor known for his work in the field of mathematics, particularly in areas such as mathematical logic and the foundations of mathematics. He has made contributions to various topics, such as model theory and set theory. However, it is important to verify the specific context in which you are asking about him, as there may be multiple individuals with that name in academia.
The Optics Classification and Indexing Scheme is a systematic framework used for categorizing and indexing literature and research in the field of optics. This scheme helps researchers, scholars, and professionals organize and retrieve information pertaining to various areas of optics, such as theoretical, experimental, and applied optics. ### Key Aspects of the Scheme: 1. **Classification**: The scheme provides a hierarchical structure that classifies different topics within optics.
Optics and Photonics News (OPN) is a magazine published by the Optical Society (OSA), which covers news, trends, and advancements in the fields of optics and photonics. It features articles on scientific research, technological innovations, and industry developments, as well as interviews, opinion pieces, and educational content aimed at professionals, researchers, and students in these fields.
2D Materials is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that focuses on research related to two-dimensional (2D) materials, which are materials with a thickness of just one or two atoms. This field has garnered significant interest due to the unique properties exhibited by these materials, such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and other layered materials.
Biomedical Optics Express is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that focuses on the field of biomedical optics and photonics. It publishes research articles, reviews, and technical notes that cover a wide range of topics related to the application of optical techniques in medicine and biology. This includes areas such as imaging, diagnostics, therapy, and instrumentation that utilize light and optical technologies. The journal is known for disseminating high-quality research aimed at advancing the understanding and application of optical methods in the biomedical field.
The IEEE Photonics Journal is a peer-reviewed scholarly journal published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). It focuses on research in the field of photonics, which encompasses the science and technology of generating, manipulating, and detecting light (photons).
The Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems (JATIS) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that focuses on research related to astronomical instrumentation and technology. It is published by the Optical Society (OSA) and covers a wide range of topics related to the design, development, and application of telescopes, detectors, and other instruments used in the field of astronomy.
The *Journal of Biomedical Optics* is an academic journal that focuses on the field of biomedical optics, which encompasses the application of optical techniques and technologies in medicine and biology. It publishes research articles, reviews, and technical papers on a variety of topics related to the use of light in health sciences. This can include areas such as imaging techniques (like optical coherence tomography and fluorescence imaging), laser applications in surgery, phototherapy, and other optical technologies in diagnostics and therapeutics.
Line search is an optimization technique used to find a minimum (or maximum) of a function along a specified direction. It is commonly employed in gradient-based optimization algorithms, especially in the context of iterative methods like gradient descent, where the goal is to minimize a differentiable function. ### Key Components of Line Search: 1. **Objective Function**: The function \( f(x) \) that we want to minimize.
David Letterman is an American television host, comedian, writer, and producer, best known for his late-night television talk shows. He gained fame through his distinctive interviewing style and comedic approach. Letterman first achieved significant recognition with "Late Night with David Letterman," which premiered in 1982 on NBC. This show was known for its innovative sketches, irreverent humor, and unique segments.
The Imaging Science Journal is a publication that focuses on the field of imaging science, which encompasses a range of topics related to the capture, processing, analysis, and interpretation of images. This can include various forms of imaging such as photography, medical imaging, remote sensing, and digital imaging technologies. Typically, the journal publishes peer-reviewed articles, research papers, reviews, and technical notes that contribute to the advancement of knowledge in imaging science.
Bang-bang control, also known as on-off control or two-position control, is a type of control strategy used in systems where precise control is not necessary or where a system can only operate in two states: fully "on" (maximum output) or fully "off" (minimum output). This approach is often applied in various engineering fields, including robotics, aerospace, and HVAC systems.