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Non-dimensionalization and scaling of the Navier–Stokes equations is a technique used to simplify the analysis of fluid dynamics by converting the equations into a form that is independent of the specific units of measurement. This process helps to identify the key physical parameters that govern the behavior of fluid flow and facilitates comparison between different physical situations.

M. C. Escher, whose full name is Maurits Cornelis Escher, was a Dutch graphic artist known for his mathematically inspired works. Born on June 17, 1898, in Leeuwarden, Netherlands, and passing away on March 27, 1972, in Hilversum, Netherlands, Escher is renowned for his intricate and imaginative prints that feature impossible constructions, explorations of infinity, symmetry, and tessellations.

The Taylor–von Neumann–Sedov (TNNS) blast wave is a theoretical model describing the propagation of a shock wave resulting from an explosion in a homogeneous medium. It is named after three scientists who contributed to the understanding of this phenomenon: G.I. Taylor, J. von Neumann, and L.I. Sedov. The TNNS blast wave model provides a framework for understanding the dynamics of the shock wave and the resulting flow fields in the vicinity of the explosion.

Constructivism in mathematics is a philosophy or approach that emphasizes the need for mathematical objects to be constructed explicitly rather than merely existing as abstract entities that may or may not be realizable. This viewpoint is opposed to classical mathematics, where existence proofs are often sufficient to establish the existence of a mathematical object, even if no specific example or construction is provided.

Forcing is a technique used in set theory, particularly in the context of determining the consistency of various mathematical statements in relation to the axioms of set theory, such as Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory with the Axiom of Choice (ZFC). It was developed by Paul Cohen in the 1960s and is a powerful method for constructing models of set theory and for demonstrating the independence of certain propositions from ZFC.

Annual Premium Equivalent (APE) is a financial metric commonly used in the insurance and financial services industry, particularly in the context of measuring and comparing the performance of life insurance products and sales. APE allows companies to evaluate the value of both regular premium and single premium life insurance policies on a standardized basis.

"Irish physicists" refers to physicists from Ireland or those associated with Irish institutions who have made significant contributions to the field of physics. There are many notable Irish physicists, both historical and contemporary, who have contributed to various subfields such as theoretical physics, experimental physics, and applied physics. Some prominent Irish physicists include: 1. **John Tyndall**: A 19th-century physicist known for his work in the field of atmospheric physics and the study of light.

Italian physicists have made significant contributions to the field of physics across various sub-disciplines, including classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, relativity, and many others. Notable Italian physicists include: 1. **Galileo Galilei** - Often called the "father of modern science," Galileo made pioneering contributions to physics, astronomy, and the scientific method. He is known for his work on motion, including the law of falling bodies and the principle of inertia.