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Pakistan's nuclear weapons program officially began in the 1970s in response to India's nuclear program. The country conducted its first successful nuclear tests on May 28, 1998, pursuing a policy of minimum credible deterrence against regional adversaries, especially India.

Russia possesses a substantial and diverse nuclear arsenal, which is one of the largest in the world. As of my last knowledge update in October 2023, here are some key aspects of Russia's nuclear weapons: ### Types of Nuclear Weapons 1. **Strategic Nuclear Weapons**: These are designed for large-scale destruction and deterrence.

Adam Logan may refer to different individuals or concepts depending on the context. Without additional information, it's hard to pinpoint which "Adam Logan" you're asking about. For example, Adam Logan could refer to a private individual, a fictional character, or a professional in a particular field such as sports, academia, or entertainment.

Alan Baker is a prominent mathematician known for his contributions to number theory, particularly in the areas of transcendental numbers and Diophantine equations. Born on 19 January 1939, he was awarded the Fields Medal in 1970 for his groundbreaking work in transcendental number theory, specifically for his development of methods to prove the transcendence of certain numbers.

Eric Bach can refer to several people or subjects, but without additional context, it's difficult to provide a specific answer. If you're referring to a particular Eric Bach, it could be a musician, author, academic, or perhaps associated with a specific industry or field.

Ernst Kummer (1810-1893) was a German mathematician known for his contributions to number theory, algebra, and the theory of complex numbers. He is best known for his work on ideal numbers and algebraic structures, especially in the context of algebraic number theory. One of Kummer's significant contributions was the introduction of the concept of "ideal numbers," which he used to address problems related to the factorization of integers in certain number fields.

Ernst Sejersted Selmer is a prominent figure in the field of mathematics, particularly known for his contributions to number theory and group theory.

Frank Calegari is known for his work in the field of art, notably as a photographer and visual artist. He is recognized for his unique style and contributions to contemporary photography. His work often explores themes related to identity, culture, and perception.

Frank Garvan is a mathematician known for his work in the field of mathematics, particularly in analysis and topology. He has made contributions to various mathematical concepts and is associated with academic institutions.

Angela R. Hight Walker is a prominent chemist known for her work in the field of analytical chemistry and nanotechnology. She has made significant contributions to the understanding of molecular interactions and the development of new techniques for material characterization. In particular, her research often focuses on the application of spectroscopy and microscopy techniques to study complex biological and material systems at the nanoscale.

Alexander Beilinson is a prominent mathematician known for his significant contributions to several areas of mathematics, particularly algebraic geometry, mathematical physics, and representation theory. Born in Russia in 1955, he has worked extensively on topics such as sheaf theory, derived categories, and the study of motives.

Alfred Brauer (1903–1977) was a notable mathematician known for his work in the fields of mathematics, particularly in relation to number theory and mathematical logic. He made contributions to various areas, including algebra and the theory of mathematical functions. Brauer is often recognized for his research and publications, which have had a lasting impact on the field.

As of my last knowledge update in October 2021, I do not have specific information regarding someone named Alina Bucur. She may be a private individual or a public figure that has risen to prominence after that date.

Allan J. C. Cunningham is likely a reference to a person, but without specific context, it's difficult to provide detailed information. If you could provide more context or specify the field in which he is associated (e.g., academia, science, business), I could assist you better. Please let me know!

Ana Caraiani is a prominent mathematician known for her work in number theory and related fields. Her research often involves areas such as automorphic forms, arithmetic geometry, and the Langlands program. She has contributed to the mathematical community through her publications and collaboration with other mathematicians. Additionally, she is known for her role in mentoring and supporting students and colleagues in mathematics.

Arthur Wieferich was a German mathematician, known for his work in number theory. He is primarily recognized for his contribution to the study of "Wieferich primes," which are prime numbers \( p \) that satisfy the congruence \( 2^{p-1} \equiv 1 \mod p^2 \).

Audrey Terras is a mathematician known for her contributions to the fields of number theory and algebraic geometry. She has made significant contributions to the study of modular forms and has worked on topics related to the theory of automorphic forms, as well as mathematical research involving complex analysis and topology. Terras is also recognized for her work in mathematics education and outreach.

Benedict Gross is a mathematician known for his contributions to number theory and algebraic geometry. He has worked extensively on topics such as arithmetic geometry, L-functions, and elliptic curves. Moreover, he has been involved in mathematics education and research mentorship.

Bohuslav Diviš (also known as Bohuslav Dvorský) was a 20th-century Czech composer and musician. He is known for his contributions to classical music, particularly in the realm of orchestral and chamber music. His works often reflect the rich traditions of Czech music, and he has been recognized for his creativity and innovation in composition.