Polywell is a type of plasma confinement device that aims to achieve nuclear fusion through the use of magnetic fields and electric fields. Developed primarily by physicist Robert W. Bussard and his team, the Polywell device is a form of inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) fusion.
Kenneth Binmore is a British mathematician and economist, well known for his work in game theory, economic theory, and mathematical education. His contributions have significantly impacted the fields of economics, particularly in the understanding of strategic interactions among rational agents. Binmore has written several influential books and papers on game theory, often focusing on its applications to economics and social sciences. He has also been involved in mathematical education and has advocated for reforms in how mathematics is taught.
Rohit Jivanlal Parikh is a notable Indian-American mathematician known for his contributions to the fields of mathematical logic, computer science, and artificial intelligence. He is particularly recognized for his work in set theory and its applications, as well as his involvement in various theoretical aspects of computer science.
A repeated game is a standard concept in game theory where a specific game (usually a stage game) is played multiple times by the same players. This can involve either a fixed number of repetitions (finite repeated game) or an indefinite number of repetitions (infinite repeated game). ### Key Characteristics of Repeated Games: 1. **Stage Game**: The repeated game is based on a single, well-defined game, often involving decisions that players must make simultaneously.
Parovićenko space, often denoted as \( P \), is a specific type of topological space that is used in the field of general topology. It is particularly interesting because it serves as an example of certain properties and behaviors in topological spaces. The Parovićenko space can be defined as follows: - It is a continuum, meaning it is compact, connected, and Hausdorff.
A **proximity space** is a type of mathematical structure used in topology that generalizes the concept of proximity, or nearness, between sets. While traditional topological spaces focus on the open sets, proximity spaces provide a way to directly express the notion of how close two subsets of a given set are to each other.
The gravity of Earth, often referred to as gravitational acceleration, is the force exerted by Earth's mass that attracts objects towards its center. It is commonly denoted by the symbol \( g \) and has an average value of approximately \( 9.81 \, \text{m/s}^2 \) (meters per second squared) at the surface of the Earth. This means that in the absence of air resistance, an object falling freely towards Earth will accelerate at this rate.
The Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART) program is a system developed to monitor and report on tsunami activity in the world's oceans. It was established by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in the United States and is primarily aimed at improving the detection of tsunamis and providing real-time data to enhance tsunami warning capabilities.
Rafael Artzy is a mathematician known for his contributions to topology and set theory. His work often involves the study of various mathematical structures and concepts.
Thermodynamic databases for pure substances are comprehensive compilations of thermodynamic properties and data for individual chemical substances. These databases provide essential thermodynamic information that is critical for engineers, scientists, and researchers involved in various fields such as chemical engineering, materials science, thermodynamics, and environmental science. ### Key Features of Thermodynamic Databases: 1. **Properties Catalog**: - **Phase Behavior**: Information on phase changes, including phase diagrams, boiling points, melting points, and critical points.
Leon Petrosyan is a Russian professional mixed martial artist competing in the lightweight division. Born on March 22, 1998, he is known for his striking skills and has competed in organizations like the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). Petrosyan has gained attention for his performances in the octagon, showcasing his talent and potential as a rising fighter in the sport.
A **Cauchy space** is a concept from the field of topology and analysis, named after the mathematician Augustin-Louis Cauchy. It generalizes certain properties of sequences and convergence in metric spaces, allowing for a more abstract setting in which to study convergence and completeness. In more formal terms, a **Cauchy space** is defined in the following way: 1. **Set and Filter**: Start with a set \( X \).
A **Lindelöf space** is a concept from topology, a branch of mathematics that deals with the properties of space that are preserved under continuous transformations. Specifically, a topological space is termed **Lindelöf** if every open cover of the space has a countable subcover.
In topology, "open" and "closed" maps are concepts that describe certain properties of functions between topological spaces. Here's a brief explanation of each term: ### Open Maps A function \( f: X \rightarrow Y \) between two topological spaces is called an **open map** if it takes open sets in \( X \) to open sets in \( Y \).
The term "subbase" can refer to different concepts depending on the context, such as engineering, computer science, or music. Here are a couple of definitions: 1. **In Civil Engineering**: Subbase refers to a layer of material that is placed beneath the base layer of a pavement structure. It is typically made of granular materials and serves to enhance stability, support the load of the pavement, and facilitate drainage.
A **topological space** is a fundamental concept in the field of topology, which is a branch of mathematics that studies properties of space that are preserved under continuous transformations. A topological space is defined by a set of points, along with a structure that tells us how these points relate to one another in terms of "closeness" or "continuity.