Thomas L. Saaty (1926–2017) was a significant figure in the field of operations research and decision-making. He is best known for developing the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), a structured technique for organizing and analyzing complex decisions based on mathematics and psychology. AHP allows decision-makers to break down a problem into a hierarchy, evaluate the alternatives, and make decisions based on both qualitative and quantitative data.
Murad Taqqu is a name associated with the field of statistics, particularly known for his contributions to the study of stochastic processes, statistical signal processing, and statistical methods in data analysis. He has made significant contributions to the understanding of fractals, long-range dependence, and self-similarity in data.
Ahmed Chalabi (1944–2015) was an Iraqi politician and former banker who played a significant role in the political landscape of Iraq, particularly in the lead-up to the 2003 invasion by the United States. He was the chairman of the Iraqi National Congress (INC), an opposition group that sought to overthrow the regime of Saddam Hussein. Chalabi was a controversial figure, known for his advocacy of the U.S.
Abdul Jerri is a notable figure in the field of mathematics, particularly recognized for his work in the areas of functional analysis and approximation theory. He is known for his contributions to various mathematical theories and for authoring textbooks and papers that have been influential in advancing understanding in these areas. Additionally, he has served in academic roles, contributing to the education of future mathematicians.
Babylonian astronomers were ancient scholars from the civilization of Babylon, located in Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq), who made significant contributions to the field of astronomy from around the 2nd millennium BCE until the fall of Babylon in the 6th century BCE. They are known for their systematic observations of celestial bodies, which included the Sun, Moon, planets, and stars.
The WMD (Weapons of Mass Destruction) conjecture refers to the claims made by the U.S. government and its allies that Iraq possessed weapons of mass destruction, which were a primary justification for the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Following the invasion, the absence of any significant stockpiles of WMDs led to a range of interpretations and discussions concerning the intelligence used to justify the war, the motivations behind the invasion, and the political ramifications of the assertions made.
Valerie Plame is a former CIA operations officer who became widely known after her identity was exposed in a controversy that arose during the George W. Bush administration. Plame's identity was leaked to the press in 2003 as part of a political scandal related to the U.S. invasion of Iraq. The leak was seen as an attempt to discredit her husband, Joseph Wilson, who had publicly challenged the Bush administration's claims about Iraq's attempts to acquire nuclear weapons.
The United Nations Special Commission (UNSCOM) was established in 1991 following the Gulf War to oversee the disarmament of Iraq, particularly concerning its weapons of mass destruction (WMD) program, including chemical, biological, and missile capabilities. The commission was created in accordance with United Nations Security Council Resolution 687, which mandated Iraq to eliminate its WMD and prohibited it from developing such weapons in the future.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 949 was adopted on October 15, 1994. The resolution addressed the situation in the former Yugoslavia, particularly concerning the ongoing conflict and humanitarian crisis in the region. The resolution reaffirmed the Council's commitment to maintaining peace and security in the area and called for an immediate ceasefire and the withdrawal of all foreign combatants.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 773 was adopted on 26 September 1992. It primarily addressed the situation in the former Yugoslavia, particularly in the context of the ongoing conflict and humanitarian crisis occurring in the region during the breakup of Yugoslavia. The resolution emphasized the need for all parties to respect international humanitarian law and called for the protection of civilians, including the safe delivery of humanitarian aid. It also noted the importance of cooperation with international humanitarian organizations to address the dire humanitarian situation.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 715 was adopted on October 11, 1991. The resolution addressed the situation concerning the Persian Gulf, particularly in the wake of the Gulf War that had occurred earlier that year. The resolution primarily focused on the establishment of a framework for the ongoing monitoring of the ceasefire and the implementation of relevant provisions of previous resolutions.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 700, adopted on June 22, 1991, addressed the situation in Cambodia following decades of conflict and political turmoil. The resolution emphasized the need for a comprehensive political settlement in Cambodia and urged all parties involved in the conflict to engage in dialogue to ensure peace and stability in the region. The resolution called for the establishment of a United Nations presence in Cambodia to assist in the peace process, facilitating negotiations between the various factions in the country.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 699 was adopted on June 17, 1991. The resolution aimed to address the situation in the former Yugoslavia, particularly concerning the ongoing conflict and humanitarian crisis in the region. It called for the establishment of a ceasefire and the need for political negotiations to resolve the growing tensions and hostilities between the different ethnic groups within the former Yugoslavia. The resolution emphasized the importance of protecting civilians and ensuring that humanitarian aid could reach those in need.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1957 was adopted on September 22, 2010. The resolution deals with the situation in Guinea and expresses concern over the political instability and violence following the 2009 military coup and the subsequent violent clashes during the 2010 presidential elections. Resolution 1957 emphasizes the importance of holding free, fair, and peaceful elections in Guinea and calls upon the transitional authorities to ensure that appropriate measures are taken to restore peace and stability in the country.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1409 was adopted on May 3, 2002. The resolution primarily focused on the situation in Iraq, particularly regarding the sanctions imposed on the country following its invasion of Kuwait in 1990. Resolution 1409 aimed to enhance the humanitarian situation in Iraq and further define the conditions for the delivery of humanitarian assistance.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1382 was adopted on November 29, 2001. The resolution primarily addresses the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), emphasizing the need for the country to restore stability and peace following years of conflict and humanitarian crises. It calls for the withdrawal of foreign troops from the DRC, the promotion of a political dialogue among various factions, and the respect for human rights.