Acoustic contrast factor

The Acoustic Contrast Factor (ACF) is a parameter used in underwater acoustics to describe the difference in acoustic properties between two media, typically water and an object or a target submerged in it. It is essentially a measure of how distinct the acoustic signature of the target is compared to its surrounding environment. The ACF takes into account factors such as: 1. **Density**: Differences in the densities of the target and the surrounding medium (usually water) affect how sound waves propagate through them.