Alkalinity is a measure of the capacity of water to resist changes in pH, which reflects its ability to neutralize acids. It represents the presence of alkaline substances in water, primarily bicarbonates (HCO3-), carbonates (CO32-), and hydroxides (OH-). High alkalinity indicates a greater capacity of the water to buffer against pH changes, which is important for maintaining ecosystem health, particularly in freshwater systems and aquaculture.
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