Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is a statistical method used to compare differences between the means of three or more groups. It helps to determine whether any of those differences are statistically significant. The core idea behind ANOVA is to analyze the variance in the data to see if it can be attributed to the groupings or if it is just due to random chance.
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Analysis of variance decomposes variation into contributions associated with model terms and residual error. For nested normal linear models, differences of residual sums of squares give sequential or partial F-tests.