Base calling is a critical step in the process of DNA sequencing that involves identifying the sequence of nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA) from the raw data generated by sequencing machines. After sequencing, the resulting data usually consists of signals, such as fluorescence or electrical signals, depending on the sequencing technology used. Base calling translates these signals into a sequence of bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine, represented by the letters A, T, C, and G).
