Benacerraf's identification problem

Benacerraf's identification problem is a philosophical issue concerning the nature of mathematical objects and the status of mathematical statements, primarily associated with the work of philosopher Paul Benacerraf. The problem arises from the relationship between mathematical entities and the statements or theories that describe them. Benacerraf identified a tension between two key aspects of mathematical practice: 1. **Ontological Commitment**: Mathematics often seems to assume the existence of abstract objects (like numbers, sets, etc.