Braess's paradox

Braess's paradox is a concept in traffic flow and game theory that suggests that adding extra capacity to a network can sometimes lead to a decrease in overall efficiency. The paradox is named after the mathematician Dietrich Braess, who formulated it in 1968. In essence, Braess's paradox occurs when individual users of a network (such as drivers on a road network) behave in their own self-interest, and their decisions lead to a less efficient outcome for the entire system.