A charge carrier is a particle or entity that carries an electric charge and is responsible for electrical conduction in a material. In the context of solid materials, charge carriers can be classified primarily into two types: 1. **Electrons**: Negative charge carriers that are typically found in conductive materials like metals and semiconductors. They move through the material to conduct electricity. 2. **Holes**: Positive charge carriers that can be considered as the absence of an electron in a semiconductor.
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A charge carrier transports electric charge by moving: electrons are one example, and ions are another. For species with number density , electric charge and mean velocity , the transport contributions add as . A stationary charged background contributes to charge density but not to this current density. [ref]
https://openstax.org/books/university-physics-volume-2/pages/9-1-electrical-current. Ling, Sanny and Moebs, §9.1: positive and negative carriers
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