Dynamic nuclear polarization

Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is a technique used in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy to enhance the sensitivity of these techniques. It involves the transfer of polarization (or alignment) from electron spins to nuclear spins, thereby increasing the observable signal from the nuclei by several orders of magnitude. Here's a brief overview of how DNP works: 1. **Electron Spins:** In the presence of a magnetic field, unpaired electron spins can become polarized.