An earthquake is the shaking or trembling of the Earth's surface caused by the sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere, resulting in seismic waves. This energy release can occur due to various factors, including tectonic plate movements, volcanic activity, or human activities such as mining or reservoir-induced seismicity. Earthquakes are measured using instruments called seismometers, and their intensity and magnitude are quantified using scales such as the Richter scale or the moment magnitude scale (Mw).
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