Elliptic functions are a special class of complex functions that are periodic in two directions. They can be thought of as generalizations of trigonometric functions (which are periodic in one direction) to a two-dimensional lattice. Specifically, an elliptic function is a meromorphic function \( f \) defined on the complex plane that is periodic with respect to two non-collinear periods \( \omega_1 \) and \( \omega_2 \).
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An elliptic function is a meromorphic function with two real-linearly independent periods . A fundamental cell is a half-open parallelogramOpposite boundary integrals cancel. Consequently a nonconstant elliptic function has equally many zeros and poles in a cell, counted with multiplicity, and the sum of its pole residues in a cell is zero.